parsons



C. A. PARSONS, S. S. COOK AND L. M. DOUGLAS.

CARBON GLAND.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 5, 1918.

Patented Feb. 17, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

C. A. PARSONS, S. S. COOK AND L. M. DOUGLAS.

CARBON GLAND.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 5. \918.

1 33 l 3 60 Patented Feb. 17, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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I Even/2 0?" UNITED STATES ra rnn oniucn.

CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS, STANLEY SMITH. 600K, AND LOUIS MORTIMER DOUGLAS, OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND; SAID COOK AND SAID DOUGLAS ASSIGNORS TO SAID PAR-SONS.

CARBON GLAND.

To all whom it may concern:

duced friction while being more reliable than has hitherto been the case with such glandrings. a

Carbon glands as heretofore designed consist of rings, each ring being made up of sectors of graphitic carbon usually of rec tangular cross section, embracing the rotat-. mg shafts and held together by a spring encircling them, the purpose of such carbon gland-ring being to baffle the flow of steam from a higher pressure on one side of it to a lower pressure on the other. The outer periphery of the gland-ring is in-such case subjected'over its whole area to the higher pressure, while its inner periphery, whichis in contact with or is bored to fit the surface of the shaft, is subject to a lower average pressure owing to the fall of pressure from the highpressure side to the low pressure side. It follows, therefore, that there is a radial inward force on the ring pressing it toward the shaft, thus giving rise to friction, absorbing power and producing a corresponding amount of heat.

The present invention consists broadly in constructing gland-rings in such a manner that they are substantially in radial equilibrium under the steam pressure.

The invention further consists in forming the glandrings of L shape with the extension along the shaft toward the low pressure side, a space being provided between the back of the extended portion and the housing of the gland-ring, which space is exposed. to the lower pressure.

The invention also consists in the in; proved carbon glands herelnafter described.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed. (Ectober 5, 1918.

Patented Feb. 17, 1920.

Serial No. 257,080. V

Referring to the accompanying draw 1ngs:-

Figure 1 shows a section through a carbon packed gland having twolantern spaces or leak off chambers and three segmental rings each in a separate groove;

Fig. 2 shows in end view one of the three segmental carbon rings ofFig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows in part section a gland with three segmental carbon rings arranged with two of the rings in a wide groove and one lantern space, the modification being de signed to make the gland suitable for pressure drop in either or both directions.

Fig. 4 shows a very thick segmental carbon ring in which the surface in contact with the rotating shaft is relieved at the high pressure end to reduce the area in contact and yet maintain the strength of the segments;

Figs. 5 and 6 show in part longitudinal and part transverse section wave springs to be employed to press on the of garter springs.;

Figs. 7 and 8 show carbon packing rings in which contact is made with the face of a collar upon the shaft;

In carrying the invention into efiect according to one example shown 1n Figs. 1

and 2, the gland is made up of a numberof of rectangular section the inward pressure ofcarbon. instead Fig. 3 is applicable. In thiscase the toes or projections of the carbon segment rings are pointed in opposing directions and two rings a a may be conveniently contained in one wide groove, while a third single ring is contained in a narrower single groove. This arrangement is suitable for a vacuum at the end c with low or atmospheric pressureat the endf. In such cases it is desirable to admit live steam to the pocket 9 and maintain a pressure there slightly in excess of atmospheric to preclude the possibility of ingress of air to the turbine and-condenser.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the actual packing part of the ring is the portion to the right of the dotted line, the re maining portion is cleared from the surface of the shaft. This-is in order thatthe ring may be made thick to give greater rigidity tothe segments without increase in the bear ing surface and consequent friction.

Figs. 5' and-6 show w ave springs and Figs. 7 and 8 show the invention modified to pack the face of acollar, the ring segmentsbeing thrust axially.

Bynieans' of the invention the rings are I substantially .in equilibrium in the radial direction' under the steam pressure so that friction against the shaft is reduced and higher steam pressures across the glandrings can beallowed.

In consequence of the reduced friction and reduced heating a more reliable gland is obtained.

It is usually preferable to leave a slight balance of pressure in the inward radial direction to assist the encircling spring in keeping, the carbon sectors in place. This spring may be placed either around the outer periphery of the ring or around the periphery of the extended portion of the ring.

"The use of an encircling spring is not essential as the carbon rings may be held together by any other suitable means.

Where in the appended claims it is stated that the extension of the segment projects toward the'low pressure end of the shaft this statement is made in a broad sense to include the structure of Figs. 1 to 6, in which the extension projects parallel with the axis of the shaft, or as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, in which the extension projects in a plane transverse to the axis.

Having now described our invention, what we claimas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is V '1. In carbonand like glands for rotating shafts, a segmental packing ring having its segments divided from each other substantially radially and provided each with an extension projecting toward the low pressure end of the shaft so that the packing rings are in substantially radial equilibrium while under steam pressure as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.

2. In carbon and like glands for rotating shafts, a segmental packing ring having its segments divided from each other substantially radially, each segment having an ex tension projecting toward the low pressure end of the shaft in a direction parallel with the axis of the shaft, so that the packing ringsare in sul stantially radial equilibrium while under steam pressure, substantially as described.

3. In carbon and like glands for rotating" shafts as claimed in claim 1, arranging a plurality of the L section segmental packing rings with extensions placed in opposite directiens to make the gland suitable for pres sure drop in either or both directions while yet maintaining tightness of the gland as a whole.

In carbon and like glands for rotating shafts as claimed in claim 1, arranging two L section segmental packing rings in one groove with the extensions placed in opposite directions to make the gland suitable fol pressure drop in either or both directions while yet maintaining tightness of the gland as a whole, substantially as described.

5. In carbon and like glands for rotating shafts as claimed in claim 1, a gland ring of thick section having a large portion of the internal periphery clearer from the shaft at the high pressure end of the ring, substantially as described.

6. In carbon and like glands for rotating shafts as claimed in claim 1, providing means of reventing tilting of the glandrings such as are shown and described with reference to Figs. 4;, 5, 6, 7, and 13 of the accompanying drawings.

7. In carbon and like glands for rotating shafts as claimed in claim 1, a gland-ring of thick section such as is shown in Figs. l and 8 with a short extension (0.) and a large part of the inner surface cleared from the shaft at the high pressure end of the ring for the purposes hereinbefore described.

8. Carbon and like glands as claimed in claim 1, constructed as shown in the accompanying drawings Figs. 1 to 13 inclusive.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

CHARLES ALGERUON PARSONS. STANLEY Slilllll COOK. LGUlS MORTIMER DOUGLAS. 

